{"jurisdiction": "us-ny", "code": "cpl", "section": "190.90", "citation": "CPL § 190.90", "heading": "Grand jury; appeal from order concerning grand jury reports", "text": ["§ 190.90  Grand jury; appeal from order concerning grand jury reports.", "1.  When a court makes an order accepting a report of a grand jury pursuant to paragraph (a) of subdivision one of section 190.85, any public servant named therein may appeal the order; and when a court makes an order sealing a report of a grand jury pursuant to subdivision five of section 190.85, the district attorney or other attorney designated by the grand jury may appeal the order.", "2.  When a court makes an order sealing a report of a grand jury pursuant to subdivision five of section 190.85, the district attorney or other attorney designated by the grand jury may, within ten days after service of a copy of the order and report upon each public servant named in the report, appeal the order to the appellate division of the department in which the order was made, by filing in duplicate a notice of appeal from the order with the clerk of the court in which the order was made and by serving a copy of such notice of appeal upon each such public servant.  Notwithstanding any contrary provision of section 190.85, a true copy of the report of the grand jury shall be served, together with such notice of appeal, upon each such public servant.", "3.  The mode of and time for perfecting an appeal pursuant to this section, and the mode of and procedure for the argument thereof, are determined by the rules of the appellate division of the department in which the appeal is brought.  Such rules shall prescribe the matters referred to in subdivision one of section 460.70 and in section 460.80, except that such appeal is a preferred cause and the appellate division of each department shall promulgate rules to effectuate such preference.", "4.  The record and all other presentations on appeal shall remain sealed, except that upon reversal of the order sealing the report or dismissal of the appeal of the named public servant by the appellate division, the report of the grand jury, with the appendix, if any, shall be filed as a public record as provided in subdivision three of section 190.85.", "5.  The procedure provided for in this section shall be the exclusive manner of reviewing an order made pursuant to section 190.85 and the appellate division of the supreme court shall be the sole court having jurisdiction of such an appeal.  The order of the appellate division finally determining such appeal shall not be subject to review in any other court or proceeding.", "6.  The grand jury in an appeal pursuant to this section shall be represented by the district attorney unless the report relates to him or his office, in which event the grand jury may designate another attorney."], "official_source": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CPL/190.90", "from_official_api": true, "plain_english": "1. A public servant named in an **accepted** type-(a) report may appeal; the DA (or designated attorney) may appeal an order **sealing** a report under § 190.85(5).\n2. To appeal a sealing order, the DA files a notice of appeal (in duplicate) **within 10 days** after service on each named public servant ★, serving a copy plus a true copy of the report on each.\n3. The **Appellate Division's rules** govern how/when to perfect the appeal; such an appeal is a **preferred cause**.\n4. The record stays sealed except that, on reversal of a sealing order or dismissal of the public servant's appeal, the report is filed as a public record.\n5. This procedure is the **exclusive** way to review a § 190.85 order; the **Appellate Division is the sole court** with jurisdiction, and its determination is **not reviewable** elsewhere.\n6. The grand jury is represented on appeal by the **DA**, unless the report concerns him/his office, in which case it may designate another attorney.\n\n---\n\n**★ Exam hits:**\n- **Size: 16–23 jurors. Quorum: 16 must be present. Vote to act (indict, etc.): at least 12.**\n- **Automatic immunity** for grand jury witnesses unless they signed a **waiver of immunity** (must be **sworn to before the grand jury**).\n- Grand jury proceedings are **secret**; the legal advisors are **only the court and the DA**; the grand jury is the **exclusive judge of the facts**.\n- Indictment test: **legally sufficient evidence + reasonable cause to believe.**\n- **Five possible actions:** indict / prosecutor's information / removal to family court / dismiss / report.\n- **Dismissal:** one court-approved **resubmission** only; dismissed twice = gone. **90 days** to notify a person all charges were dismissed.\n- **§ 190.80:** release on recognizance after **45 days** in custody with no grand jury action (**30 days** for juvenile/adolescent offenders).\n- Defendant's right to testify (§ 190.50): serve **written notice** before indictment; challenge a violation within **5 days** of arraignment or waive it.\n- Child witness videotape = age **12 or less**; special witness = over 12 with severe stress (or physically unable).\n- Grand jury report: type-(a) sealed until **31 days** after service; named servant may answer within **20 days**; appeal within **10 days**.\n\n\n---\n*Verbatim statute:* [[CPL - Article 190]]", "retrieved": "2026-09-27", "url": "https://elyphived.com/us-ny/cpl/190.90", "publisher": "Elyphived LLC"}