{"jurisdiction": "us-ny", "code": "cpl", "section": "360.25", "citation": "CPL § 360.25", "heading": "Trial jury; challenge for cause of an individual juror", "text": ["§ 360.25 Trial jury; challenge for cause of an individual juror.", "1. A challenge for cause is an objection to a prospective member of the jury and may be made only on the ground that:", "(a) He does not have the qualifications required by the judiciary law; or", "(b) He has a state of mind that is likely to preclude him from rendering an impartial verdict based upon the evidence adduced at the trial; or", "(c) He is related within the sixth degree by consanguinity or affinity to the defendant, or to the person allegedly injured by the crime charged, or to a prospective witness at the trial, or to counsel for the people or for the defendant; or that he is or was a party adverse to any such person in a civil action; or that he has complained against or been accused by any such person in a criminal action; or that he bears some other relationship to any such person of such nature that it is likely to preclude him from rendering an impartial verdict; or", "(d) He is to be a witness at the trial; or where a prosecutor's information was filed at the direction of a grand jury, he was a witness before the grand jury or at the preliminary hearing; or", "(e) He or she served on a trial jury in a prior civil or criminal action involving the same incident charged; or where a prosecutor's information was filed at the direction of a grand jury, he or she served on the grand jury which directed such filing.", "2. All issues of fact or questions of law arising on the challenge must be tried and determined by the court. The provisions of subdivision two of section 270.20 with respect to challenges are also applicable to the selection of a trial jury in a local criminal court."], "official_source": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CPL/360.25", "from_official_api": true, "plain_english": "- **Subd. 1:** A **challenge for cause** objects to one juror, only on these grounds:\n  - **(a)** lacks the **qualifications** required by the Judiciary Law;\n  - **(b)** has a **state of mind** likely to prevent an **impartial verdict**; ★\n  - **(c)** related **within the sixth degree** (by blood or marriage) ★ to the defendant, victim, a witness, or counsel; or is/was an adverse party in a civil action; or has complained against / been accused by such a person; or has some other disqualifying relationship;\n  - **(d)** is to be a **witness at the trial** (or, where the prosecutor's information was filed at a grand jury's direction, was a grand jury / preliminary-hearing witness);\n  - **(e)** **served on a jury in a prior action involving the same incident** (or on the grand jury that directed the filing).\n- **Subd. 2:** The **court** tries all fact/law issues; **§ 270.20(2)** (challenge rules) also applies. ★", "retrieved": "2026-09-27", "url": "https://elyphived.com/us-ny/cpl/360.25", "publisher": "Elyphived LLC"}