{"jurisdiction": "us-ny", "code": "cplr", "section": "3123", "citation": "CPLR § 3123", "heading": "Admissions as to matters of fact, papers, documents and photographs", "text": ["§ 3123. Admissions as to matters of fact, papers, documents and photographs. (a) Notice to admit; admission unless denied or denial excused. At any time after service of the answer or after the expiration of twenty days from service of the summons, whichever is sooner, and not later than twenty days before the trial, a party may serve upon any other party a written request for admission by the latter of the genuineness of any papers or documents, or the correctness or fairness of representation of any photographs, described in and served with the request, or of the truth of any matters of fact set forth in the request, as to which the party requesting the admission reasonably believes there can be no substantial dispute at the trial and which are within the knowledge of such other party or can be ascertained by him upon reasonable inquiry. Copies of the papers, documents or photographs shall be served with the request unless copies have already been furnished. Each of the matters of which an admission is requested shall be deemed admitted unless within twenty days after service thereof or within such further time as the court may allow, the party to whom the request is directed serves upon the party requesting the admission a sworn statement either denying specifically the matters of which an admission is requested or setting forth in detail the reasons why he cannot truthfully either admit or deny those matters. If the matters of which an admission is requested cannot be fairly admitted without some material qualification or explanation, or if the matters constitute a trade secret or such party would be privileged or disqualified from testifying as a witness concerning them, such party may, in lieu of a denial or statement, serve a sworn statement setting forth in detail his claim and, if the claim is that the matters cannot be fairly admitted without some material qualification or explanation, admitting the matters with such qualification or explanation.", "(b) Effect of admission. Any admission made, or deemed to be made, by a party pursuant to a request made under this rule is for the purpose of the pending action only and does not constitute an admission by him for any other purpose nor may it be used against him in any other proceeding; and the court, at any time, may allow a party to amend or withdraw any admission on such terms as may be just. Any admission shall be subject to all pertinent objections to admissibility which may be interposed at the trial.", "(c) Penalty for unreasonable denial. If a party, after being served with a request under subdivision (a) does not admit and if the party requesting the admission thereafter proves the genuineness of any such paper or document, or the correctness or fairness of representation of any such photograph, or the truth of any such matter of fact, he may move at or immediately following the trial for an order requiring the other party to pay him the reasonable expenses incurred in making such proof, including reasonable attorney's fees. Unless the court finds that there were good reasons for the denial or the refusal otherwise to admit or that the admissions sought were of no substantial importance, the order shall be made irrespective of the result of the action. Upon a trial by jury, the motion for such an order shall be determined by the court outside the presence of the jury."], "official_source": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVP/3123", "from_official_api": true, "plain_english": "A party may ask another party to admit facts, or the genuineness of documents or accuracy of photographs, that cannot reasonably be disputed at trial.\n- **(a)** The request may be served **after the answer is served or 20 days after service of the summons, whichever is sooner**, and **no later than 20 days before trial**, covering matters the requester reasonably believes are not substantially disputed and are within the other party's knowledge or reasonable inquiry; copies of the papers, documents or photographs must be served with it unless already furnished. Each matter is **deemed admitted** unless, **within 20 days after service** or further time the court allows, the recipient serves a **sworn statement** specifically denying it or detailing why it cannot truthfully admit or deny. If a matter needs material qualification, is a trade secret, or the party would be privileged or disqualified from testifying about it, the party may instead serve a sworn detailed claim, admitting with the qualification where that is the claim. ★\n- **(b)** An admission is **for the pending action only**, cannot be used against the party in any other proceeding, remains subject to trial admissibility objections, and the **court may at any time allow it to be amended or withdrawn** on just terms.\n- **(c)** If a party does not admit and the requester later proves the matter, the requester may **move at or immediately after trial** for **reasonable expenses of proof, including attorney's fees**. Unless the court finds good reasons for the refusal or that the admission sought was of no substantial importance, the **order must be made regardless of the outcome**. ★ In a **jury trial**, the court decides the motion **outside the jury's presence**.", "in_force_on": "2026-05-31", "retrieved": "2026-09-27", "url": "https://elyphived.com/us-ny/cplr/3123", "publisher": "Elyphived LLC"}