{"jurisdiction": "us-ny", "code": "cplr", "section": "401", "citation": "CPLR § 401", "heading": "Parties", "text": ["§ 401. Parties. The party commencing a special proceeding shall be styled the petitioner and any adverse party the respondent. After a proceeding is commenced, no party shall be joined or interpleaded and no third-party practice or intervention shall be allowed, except by leave of court."], "official_source": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVP/401", "from_official_api": true, "plain_english": "The one who starts a special proceeding is the **petitioner**; the other side is the **respondent**. ★ Once the proceeding is commenced, **no party may be joined, interpleaded, brought in by third-party practice, or allowed to intervene — except by leave of court.** ★ (Speed is the point; you can't freely enlarge the case.)", "retrieved": "2026-09-27", "url": "https://elyphived.com/us-ny/cplr/401", "publisher": "Elyphived LLC"}