{"jurisdiction": "us-ny", "code": "cplr", "section": "7802", "citation": "CPLR § 7802", "heading": "Parties", "text": ["§ 7802. Parties. (a) Definition of \"body or officer\". The expression \"body or officer\" includes every court, tribunal, board, corporation, officer, or other person, or aggregation of persons, whose action may be affected by a proceeding under this article", "(b) Persons whose terms of office have expired; successors.  Whenever necessary to accomplish substantial justice, a proceeding under this article may be maintained against an officer exercising judicial or quasi-judicial functions, or member of a body whose term of office has expired. Any party may join the successor of such officer or member of a body or other person having custody of the record of proceedings under review.", "(c) Prohibition in favor of another. Where the proceeding is brought to restrain a body or officer from proceeding without or in excess of jurisdiction in favor of another, the latter shall be joined as a party.", "(d) Other interested persons. The court may direct that notice of the proceeding be given to any person. It may allow other interested persons to intervene."], "official_source": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CVP/7802", "from_official_api": true, "plain_english": "- **(a) \"Body or officer\"** is defined broadly: every **court, tribunal, board, corporation, officer, or group of persons** whose action could be affected by this proceeding. ★ Basically any government actor.\n- **(b) Expired terms / successors.** To do \"substantial justice\" you can still proceed against a judicial or quasi-judicial officer (or board member) **even after their term ended**, and you may add their **successor** or whoever now holds the records.\n- **(c) Prohibition in favor of another.** If you're trying to stop an officer from acting outside their jurisdiction *in favor of someone else*, **that someone else must be joined** as a party. ★\n- **(d) Other interested persons.** The court may order notice to any person and may let **interested persons intervene**.", "retrieved": "2026-09-27", "url": "https://elyphived.com/us-ny/cplr/7802", "publisher": "Elyphived LLC"}