{"jurisdiction": "us-ny", "code": "drl", "section": "109", "citation": "DRL § 109", "heading": "Definitions", "text": ["§ 109. Definitions. When used in this article, unless the context or subject matter manifestly requires a different interpretation:", "1. \"Adoptive parent\" or \"adoptor\" shall mean a person adopting and \"adoptive child\" or \"adoptee\" shall mean a person adopted.", "2. \"Judge\" shall mean a judge of the family court of any county in the state.", "3. \"Surrogate\" shall mean the surrogate of any county in the state and any other judicial officer while acting in the capacity of surrogate.", "4. \"Authorized agency\" shall mean an authorized agency as defined in the social services law and, for the purpose of this article, shall include such corporations incorporated or organized under the laws of this state as may be specifically authorized by their certificates of incorporation to receive children for purposes of adoption.", "5. \"Private-placement adoption\" shall mean any adoption other than that of a minor who has been placed for adoption by an authorized agency.", "6. \"Lawful custody\" shall mean a custody (a) specifically authorized by statute or (b) pursuant to judgment, decree or order of a court or (c) otherwise authorized by law.", "7. \"A child who has been surrendered to an authorized agency for the purpose of adoption\" shall mean a child who has been surrendered to such an agency pursuant to the provisions of section three hundred eighty-three-c or three hundred eighty-four of the social services law."], "official_source": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/DOM/109", "from_official_api": true, "plain_english": "Unless the context requires otherwise, this adoption article uses these meanings:\n- **(1)** **Adoptive parent/adoptor** means the person adopting; **adoptive child/adoptee** means the person adopted.\n- **(2)** **Judge** means a Family Court judge of any New York county.\n- **(3)** **Surrogate** includes a county surrogate and another judicial officer acting as surrogate.\n- **(4)** **Authorized agency** has the Social Services Law meaning and includes a New York corporation specifically authorized by its certificate of incorporation to receive children for adoption.\n- **(5)** **Private-placement adoption** means an adoption other than one in which an authorized agency placed the minor. ★\n- **(6)** **Lawful custody** means custody authorized by statute, court judgment, decree or order, or otherwise by law.\n- **(7)** A child **surrendered to an authorized agency for adoption** means one surrendered under Social Services Law § 383-c or § 384.", "in_force_on": "2026-05-31", "retrieved": "2026-09-27", "url": "https://elyphived.com/us-ny/drl/109", "publisher": "Elyphived LLC"}