{"jurisdiction": "us-ny", "code": "eptl", "section": "2-1.6", "citation": "EPTL § 2-1.6", "heading": "Disposition of property where a person dies within one hundred", "text": ["§ 2-1.6 Disposition of property where a person dies within one hundred", "twenty hours of another person or any other event", "(a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section:", "(1) Where, under articles 4 and 5 of this chapter, the title to property or the devolution of property depends upon an individual's survivorship of the death of another individual, an individual who is not established by clear and convincing evidence to have survived the other individual by one hundred twenty hours is deemed to have predeceased the other individual.", "(2) For purposes of a provision of a governing instrument that relates to an individual surviving an event, including the death of another individual, an individual who is not established by clear and convincing evidence to have survived the event by one hundred twenty hours is deemed to have predeceased the event.", "(3) Where a disposition of property under a governing instrument (i) depends upon the time of death of two or more beneficiaries designated to take alternatively by reason of surviving an event, including the death of another individual, and (ii) it is not established by clear and convincing evidence that such beneficiaries have survived the event by one hundred twenty hours, the property thus disposed of shall be divided into as many equal portions as there are alternative beneficiaries and such portions shall be distributed respectively to those who would have taken the whole property in the event that the designated beneficiary through whom they take had survived.", "(4) Where it is not established by clear and convincing evidence that one of two co-owners with right of survivorship survived the other co-owner by one hundred twenty hours, one-half of the property passes as if one had survived by one hundred twenty hours and one-half as if the other had survived by one hundred twenty hours. Where there are more than two co-owners and it is not established by clear and convincing evidence that at least one of them survived the others by one hundred twenty hours, the property passes in the proportion that one bears to the whole number of co-owners.", "(b) The survival requirements of paragraph (a) of this section shall not apply if:", "(1) The governing instrument contains language dealing explicitly with simultaneous deaths or deaths in a common disaster and that language is operable under the facts of the case.", "(2) The governing instrument expressly indicates that an individual is not required to survive an event, including the death of another individual, by any specified period or expressly requires the individual to survive the event for a specified period. However, survival of the event or the specified period must be established by clear and convincing evidence.", "(3) The imposition of a one hundred twenty-hour requirement of survival would cause a nonvested property interest or a power of appointment to be invalid under section 9-1.1 of this chapter. However, survival must be established by clear and convincing evidence.", "(4) The application of a one hundred twenty-hour requirement of survival to multiple governing instruments would result in an unintended failure or duplication of a disposition. However, survival must be established by clear and convincing evidence.", "(5) Its application would result in a taking of the intestate estate by the state.", "(6) The surviving spouse exercised the right of election under section 5-1.1-A of this chapter, but died less than one hundred twenty hours after the death of the deceased spouse.", "(c) For purposes of this section, \"governing instrument\" means a deed, will, trust, insurance or annuity policy, bank account in trust form, security registration in beneficiary form (TOD), pension, profit-sharing, retirement, or similar benefit plan, instrument creating or exercising a power of appointment or a power of attorney, or a dispositive, appointive, or nominative instrument of any similar type."], "official_source": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/EPT/2-1.6", "from_official_api": true, "plain_english": "Anyone not proved by clear and convincing evidence to have survived another person or an event by 120 hours is treated as having died first.\n- **(a)(1)** Where title or devolution under articles 4 and 5 depends on surviving another person, an individual not shown by **clear and convincing evidence** to have survived that person by **120 hours** is **deemed to have predeceased** them. ★\n- **(a)(2)** The same 120-hour rule applies to a governing-instrument provision requiring survival of an event, including another's death.\n- **(a)(3)** If alternative beneficiaries are not shown to have survived the event by 120 hours, the property is divided into **equal portions, one per alternative beneficiary**, each going to those who would have taken had that beneficiary survived.\n- **(a)(4)** If **2 co-owners with right of survivorship** are not shown to have survived each other by 120 hours, **one-half passes as if each had survived**. With **more than 2** co-owners, each share is **1 divided by the number of co-owners**. ★\n- **(b)** The 120-hour rule **does not apply** if: (1) the instrument explicitly addresses simultaneous deaths or common disaster and that language operates; (2) the instrument expressly requires no survival period or a specified period; (3) it would invalidate a nonvested interest or power of appointment under **§ 9-1.1**; (4) applying it to multiple instruments would cause an unintended failure or duplication; (5) the **state would take** the intestate estate; or (6) a surviving spouse who elected under **§ 5-1.1-A** died within 120 hours. In (2)–(4), survival must still be shown by **clear and convincing evidence**.\n- **(c)** \"Governing instrument\" includes deeds, wills, trusts, insurance and annuity policies, trust-form bank accounts, TOD securities, benefit plans, instruments creating or exercising powers of appointment or powers of attorney, and similar instruments.", "in_force_on": "2026-05-31", "retrieved": "2026-09-27", "url": "https://elyphived.com/us-ny/eptl/2-1.6", "publisher": "Elyphived LLC"}