{"jurisdiction": "us-ny", "code": "eptl", "section": "3-2.1", "citation": "EPTL § 3-2.1", "heading": "Execution and attestation of wills; formal requirements", "text": ["§ 3-2.1 Execution and attestation of wills; formal requirements", "(a) * Except for nuncupative and holographic wills authorized by 3-2.2, every will must be in writing, and executed and attested in the following manner:", "* NB Effective until December 12, 2027", "* Except for nuncupative and holographic wills authorized by 3-2.2 and electronic wills authorized by part six of this article, every will must be in writing, and executed and attested in the following manner:", "* NB Effective December 12, 2027", "(1) It shall be signed at the end thereof by the testator or, in the name of the testator, by another person in his presence and by his direction, subject to the following:", "(A) The presence of any matter following the testator's signature, appearing on the will at the time of its execution, shall not invalidate such matter preceding the signature as appeared on the will at the time of its execution, except that such matter preceding the signature shall not be given effect, in the discretion of the surrogate, if it is so incomplete as not to be readily comprehensible without the aid of matter which follows the signature, or if to give effect to such matter preceding the signature would subvert the testator's general plan for the disposition and administration of his estate.", "(B) No effect shall be given to any matter, other than the attestation clause, which follows the signature of the testator, or to any matter preceding such signature which was added subsequently to the execution of the will.", "(C) Any person who signs the testator's name to the will, as provided in subparagraph (1), shall sign his own name and affix his residence address to the will but shall not be counted as one of the necessary attesting witnesses to the will. A will lacking the signature of the person signing the testator's name shall not be given effect; pro- vided, however, the failure of the person signing the testator's name to affix his address shall not affect the validity of the will.", "(2) The signature of the testator shall be affixed to the will in the presence of each of the attesting witnesses, or shall be acknowledged by the testator to each of them to have been affixed by him or by his direction. The testator may either sign in the presence of, or acknowledge his signature to each attesting witness separately.", "(3) The testator shall, at some time during the ceremony or ceremonies of execution and attestation, declare to each of the attesting witnesses that the instrument to which his signature has been affixed is his will.", "(4) There shall be at least two attesting witnesses, who shall, within one thirty day period, both attest the testator's signature, as affixed or acknowledged in their presence, and at the request of the testator, sign their names and affix their residence addresses at the end of the will. There shall be a rebuttable presumption that the thirty day requirement of the preceding sentence has been fulfilled. The failure of a witness to affix his address shall not affect the validity of the will.", "(b) The procedure for the execution and attestation of wills need not be followed in the precise order set forth in paragraph (a) so long as all the requisite formalities are observed during a period of time in which, satisfactorily to the surrogate, the ceremony or ceremonies of execution and attestation continue."], "official_source": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/EPT/3-2.1", "from_official_api": true, "plain_english": "Except for nuncupative and holographic wills under **§ 3-2.2** (and, from **December 12, 2027**, electronic wills under part 6), a will must be in writing and executed and attested as follows.\n- **(a)(1)** It must be **signed at the end** by the testator, or in the testator's name by another person **in the testator's presence and by the testator's direction**. ★ Matter after the signature does not invalidate what precedes it, but the surrogate may refuse effect to preceding matter that is incomprehensible without what follows or would subvert the testator's general plan. **No effect** is given to anything after the signature except the attestation clause, or to anything added before the signature after execution. A proxy signer must **sign his own name** and add an address and **is not counted as a witness**; without the proxy's signature the will has **no effect**, but a missing address does not invalidate it.\n- **(a)(2)** The testator must **sign in the presence of each witness or acknowledge the signature to each**, and may do so to each witness separately. ★\n- **(a)(3)** At some time during the ceremony the testator must **declare to each witness that the instrument is his will**.\n- **(a)(4)** There must be **at least 2 attesting witnesses** who, **within one 30-day period**, attest the signature and, at the testator's request, **sign their names and add residence addresses at the end** of the will. Compliance with the 30-day rule is **rebuttably presumed**; a missing witness address does not invalidate the will. ★\n- **(b)** The steps need not follow this order if **all formalities are observed** while, to the surrogate's satisfaction, the execution and attestation ceremony continues.", "in_force_on": "2026-05-31", "retrieved": "2026-09-27", "url": "https://elyphived.com/us-ny/eptl/3-2.1", "publisher": "Elyphived LLC"}