{"jurisdiction": "us-ny", "code": "penal", "section": "170.45", "citation": "Penal Law § 170.45", "heading": "Criminal simulation", "text": ["§ 170.45 Criminal simulation.", "A person is guilty of criminal simulation when:", "1. With intent to defraud, he makes or alters any object in such manner that it appears to have an antiquity, rarity, source or authorship which it does not in fact possess; or", "2. With knowledge of its true character and with intent to defraud, he utters or possesses an object so simulated.", "Criminal simulation is a class A misdemeanor."], "official_source": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/170.45", "from_official_api": true, "plain_english": "A person commits criminal simulation by:\n- **(1)** intending to defraud and **making or altering an object to appear to have an antiquity, rarity, source, or authorship it does not have**; or\n- **(2)** knowing the object’s true character, intending to defraud, and **uttering or possessing the simulated object**. ★\nIt is a **class A misdemeanor**.", "in_force_on": "2026-05-31", "retrieved": "2026-09-27", "url": "https://elyphived.com/us-ny/penal/170.45", "publisher": "Elyphived LLC"}