{"jurisdiction": "us-ny", "code": "penal", "section": "20.10", "citation": "Penal Law § 20.10", "heading": "Criminal liability for conduct of another; exemption", "text": ["§ 20.10 Criminal liability for conduct of another; exemption.", "Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 20.00 and 20.05, a person is not criminally liable for conduct of another person constituting an offense when his own conduct, though causing or aiding the commission of such offense, is of a kind that is necessarily incidental thereto. If such conduct constitutes a related but separate offense upon the part of the actor, he is liable for that offense only and not for the conduct or offense committed by the other person."], "official_source": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/20.10", "from_official_api": true, "plain_english": "Notwithstanding **§§ 20.00 and 20.05**, a person is **not** criminally liable for another's offense when his or her own conduct, though causing or aiding it, is **necessarily incidental** to that offense. ★ If that conduct is a **related but separate offense**, the person is liable **only for that offense**, not for the other person's conduct or offense.", "in_force_on": "2026-05-31", "retrieved": "2026-09-27", "url": "https://elyphived.com/us-ny/penal/20.10", "publisher": "Elyphived LLC"}