{"jurisdiction": "us-ny", "code": "penal", "section": "485.10", "citation": "Penal Law § 485.10", "heading": "Sentencing", "text": ["§ 485.10 Sentencing.", "1. When a person is convicted of a hate crime pursuant to this article, and the specified offense is a violent felony offense, as defined in section 70.02 of this chapter, the hate crime shall be deemed a violent felony offense.", "2. When a person is convicted of a hate crime pursuant to this article and the specified offense is a misdemeanor or a class C, D or E felony, the hate crime shall be deemed to be one category higher than the specified offense the defendant committed, or one category higher than the offense level applicable to the defendant's conviction for an attempt or conspiracy to commit a specified offense, whichever is applicable.", "3. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, when a person is convicted of a hate crime pursuant to this article and the specified offense is a class B felony:", "(a) the maximum term of the indeterminate sentence must be at least six years if the defendant is sentenced pursuant to section 70.00 of this chapter;", "(b) the term of the determinate sentence must be at least eight years if the defendant is sentenced pursuant to section 70.02 of this chapter;", "(c) the term of the determinate sentence must be at least twelve years if the defendant is sentenced pursuant to section 70.04 of this chapter;", "(d) the maximum term of the indeterminate sentence must be at least four years if the defendant is sentenced pursuant to section 70.05 of this chapter; and", "(e) the maximum term of the indeterminate sentence or the term of the determinate sentence must be at least ten years if the defendant is sentenced pursuant to section 70.06 of this chapter.", "4. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, when a person is convicted of a hate crime pursuant to this article and the specified offense is a class A-1 felony, the minimum period of the indeterminate sentence shall be not less than twenty years.", "5. In addition to any of the dispositions authorized by this chapter, the court shall require as part of the sentence imposed upon a person convicted of a hate crime pursuant to this article, that the defendant complete a program, training session or counseling session directed at hate crime prevention and education, where the court determines such program, training session or counseling session is appropriate, available and was developed or authorized by the court or local agencies in cooperation with organizations serving the affected community."], "official_source": "https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/485.10", "from_official_api": true, "plain_english": "- **(1)** If the specified offense is a violent felony under **§ 70.02**, the **hate crime is treated as a violent felony**.\n- **(2)** If the specified offense is a misdemeanor or **class C, D, or E felony**, the **hate crime is treated as 1 category higher**, including the applicable attempt or conspiracy level. ★\n- **(3)** For a **class B felony**, the sentence must meet these minimums: **6 years** for the maximum indeterminate term under **§ 70.00**; **8 years** determinate under **§ 70.02**; **12 years** determinate under **§ 70.04**; **4 years** for the maximum indeterminate term under **§ 70.05**; or **10 years** under **§ 70.06**. ★\n- **(4)** For a **class A-I felony**, the indeterminate sentence’s minimum period is **at least 20 years**. ★\n- **(5)** When appropriate and available, the **court must require the defendant to complete court-approved hate-crime prevention and education programming, training, or counseling** developed or authorized with organizations serving the affected community.", "in_force_on": "2026-05-31", "retrieved": "2026-09-27", "url": "https://elyphived.com/us-ny/penal/485.10", "publisher": "Elyphived LLC"}